In total, we collected 248,359 listings from 10 anonymous online marketplaces and 1,138,961 traces (ie, threads of posts) from 6 underground forums. As observed in our data set, the top 3 marketplaces with the most opioid listings are Agora, Evolution, and Apollon. This section elaborates on the methodology used to identify opioid trading information in the anonymous market and forums. Specifically, we collected approximately 248,359 unique listings and 1,138,961 unique forum traces (ie, threads of posts) from 10 anonymous online marketplaces and 6 forums.
Jon Claytor: A Comic About the Opioid Epidemic In my Small Town (Part One)
We are a pan-Canadian collective of harm reductionists, drug policy activists, and people who use(d) drugs. Drug Hub features a unique mirror distribution system where each user receives personal mirror links. Unlike traditional marketplaces with shared backup mirrors, our system provides truly unique onion addresses for enhanced security and reliability. Last month, a social services agency in Toronto launched a legal challenge against the law limiting supervise consumption sites, arguing it infringes on the Charter rights to life, liberty and security of person.
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Law enforcement agencies around the world seized an online marketplace and arrested nearly 300 people allegedly involved in buying and selling drugs, European Union law enforcement agency Europol said Tuesday. Minister of Health Sylvia Jones has said the government plans to open 19 of the treatment hubs and 375 highly supportive housing units at a planned cost of $378 million. The hubs will not provide a safe supply of illicit drugs, supervised consumption services or needle exchange programs. The decision to operate clearnet mirrors alongside Tor-hidden services compounded the problem. While clearnet mirrors can provide redundancy and accessibility, they also expose the platform to the scrutiny of law enforcement agencies.
Security Features
Admin key is used for signing official announcements, canary files, and critical security notices. These background papers were commissioned by the EMCDDA and Europol to provide background information to inform and contribute to the drafting of the main report. The EMCDDA and Europol are very grateful for the valuable contribution of the author. The papers have been cited within the report and are also being made available here for those who would like further information on the topic. However, the views, interpretations and conclusions set out in this publication are those of the author and are not necessarily those of the EMCDDA, Europol or their partners, any EU Member State or any agency or institution of the European Union.
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Digital transformation increases efficiency, data-driven decision-making, and adoption of advanced solutions. Regulations influence product standards, sustainability compliance, and market entry strategies. Challenges include supply chain disruptions, cost volatility, and regulatory compliance pressures. Key trends include automation, digital integration, smart systems, and innovation-led product development. Besides these books, Kuzmarov has published hundreds of articles and contributed to numerous edited volumes, including one in the prestigious Oxford History of Counterinsurgency .
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Most recently, Swiss pharma behemoth Novartis unveiled plans to build a new radioligand therapy manufacturing facility in Winter Park, Florida, as part of a $23 billion U.S. investment pledge announced in April 2025. For a platform operating in a space where privacy is paramount, every detail matters. The metadata revealed not only the tools used but hinted at the environment in which the logo was crafted. Mac OS, a favorite among creative professionals, appeared to be the operating system of choice. But what could have been a mere quirk of a designer’s preference quickly escalated into a glaring oversight, setting off alarm bells among cybersecurity experts.
Official
We then identified 311 opioid keywords and jargons to recognize 28,106 listings and 13,508 forum traces related to underground opioid trading activities. Finally, we used natural language processing techniques to extract opioid trading information to characterize underground opioid commodities, suppliers, and transactions. Our research collected product listings and forum posts from 10 anonymous online market places and 6 forums. Our study determined the underground marketplace and forum list based on darknet site search engines and previous research works [20]. More specifically, we used darknet site search engines (such as Recon, Darknet live, Dark Eye, dark.fail, and DNStats [21,22]) to search underground marketplaces and forums and then manually validated their activeness. Note that some high-profile underground marketplaces and forums are frequently deactivated or have been shut down by law enforcement authorities [23].
- Thus, we identified 58 opioid jargon used in the anonymous marketplaces and forums (Table 2).
- Owing to the anonymity of the underground marketplaces and forums, there exists no ground truth to link users with their IDs.
- The results provide insight into opioid trading in the anonymous markets and forums and may prove an effective mitigation data point for illuminating the opioid supply chain.
- Yet, these oversights suggest a departure from the meticulous operational security (OPSEC) practices that once defined successful darknet marketplaces.
- Europe follows closely, driven by stringent regulatory standards, strong sustainability initiatives, and ongoing modernization across industrial and commercial sectors.
- We manually investigated the results by randomly sampling 10% of data records during each iteration and adding false positive samples into the unlabeled set.
- These background papers were commissioned by the EMCDDA and Europol to provide background information to inform and contribute to the drafting of the main report.
Stream 3 – HART Hubs transitioning from Consumption and Treatment Service (CTS) Sites
They usually come with anonymous forums for sellers and buyers to share information, promote their products, leave feedback, and share experiences about purchases. To understand how it works, we describe an opioid transaction’s operational steps on the anonymous online marketplaces and forums. We present a view about how such services operate and how different entities interact with each other drug hub (Figure 1). The market for pancreatic and bile duct cancer drugs in Bangladesh is set to expand, driven by increasing disease prevalence and ongoing healthcare reforms. Efforts to improve diagnostic infrastructure and expand access to modern therapeutics are key growth factors. The rising burden of risk factors such as smoking and poor diet contributes to higher cancer incidence rates.
Data Collection
Longevity biotech Juvenescence today announced the first close of its Series B-1 financing round, securing $76 million to support the continued development of its AI-driven clinical pipeline focused on age-related diseases. The round was led by M42, a tech-enabled healthcare company headquartered in Abu Dhabi, with additional participation from existing investors. The full close of the financing round is expected in the third quarter of this year, with the company reportedly aiming to raise more than $150 million in total. Violations of platform rules can result in a fine, account suspension andfund forfeiture. We maintain a zero-tolerance policy for prohibited items toensure marketplace safety and for the health of the darknet ecosystem.
Key Features
After completing the captcha, select ‘I need a new mirror’ to obtain a working link. Administered by seasoned experts, pen-tested by top security specialists,with industry-leading protections like END GAME DDoS filter. Funds are automatically transferred to our secure escrow system, protectingboth buyer and vendor interests. Select products, specify quantities, and provide encrypted shippinginformation using our secure order form.
That same report concluded the health ministry did not provide a thorough, evidence-based business case for the hub model and did not provide proper impact analysis or do proper consultations with all affected people. With its business-friendly environment and Texas Medical Center’s biomanufacturing project, TMC BioPort, the state proved an attractive investment location for other companies in 2025, too. Novartis plans to build two new radioligand therapy manufacturing facilities in Florida and Texas, and in October, the U.K.’s AstraZeneca opened an expanded manufacturing facility in Coppell to double the production of its high blood potassium treatment, Lokelma.
We output the top 100 proper nouns in the underground corpora in our implementation, whose embeddings showed the closest cosine distance to the known opioid keywords. DrugHub Market is the top darknet marketplace from the team behind White House Market. Never access Drug Hub or any darknet marketplace without proper security precautions. Always use Tor Browser with security level set to “Safest.” Encrypt all sensitive communications with PGP. 🚨 DrugHub is the leading darknet marketplace for verifiedvendors, over 100,000+ listings, over 500,000 active users, and more than 4,000 trusted vendors. Launched in August 2023 bythe legendary team behind White House Market, DrugHub has quickly become the topdarknet market globally.
Like any marketplace, branding is key, even in the shadowy corners of the internet. But this logo, created using Adobe Illustrator version 24.0—a software outdated as of 2019—became the first crack in DrugHub’s armor. Embedded within the logo’s metadata was a treasure trove of information for anyone skilled in Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). The use of outdated software was not just a cosmetic flaw; it signaled a broader negligence in keeping up with technological advancements.
Welcome to Drughub Market, the premierdarknet platform crafted by the esteemed White House Market team, operatingsecurely for over 2 years. As the number one market today, we pride ourselves onour advanced escrow protection androbust security systems, ensuring every transaction remains safe and secure. Monero (XMR) is the sole payment method,providing maximum privacy and anonymity for users navigating the dark web.Launched two years ago, Drughub Market has set the standard for reliability andsecurity. Find our official onion link and verified mirror here to access ourmarketplace for an unparalleled, private browsing experience. Note that we should not overestimate the number of suppliers and buyers given the number of IDs found in this research, but we regarded it as the upper-bounded number of the opioid suppliers and buyers.
“Go Cry on dread about it” — DrugHub’s Administration
- Experience the future of secure, anonymous trading with Drughub Market’scutting-edge platform and trusted community.
- DrugHub Market is the top darknet marketplace from the team behind White House Market.
- In addition, we set parameters such as sleeping time to limit the speed of crawling.
- Our opioid jargon identification procedure implemented a modified semantic comparison model [19].
- This joint report prepared by the EMCDDA and Europol considers the latest findings from international research, fresh empirical data, and operational information and intelligence in order to illuminate how darknet markets function and how they relate to criminal behaviour.
- It is comprehensive but accessible and policy-oriented, intended to facilitate discussions at EU-level on how to respond to darknet drug markets, whilst identifying key priority areas that require attention and where activities are likely to have most impact.
A total of 248,359 listings from 10 anonymous online marketplaces and 1,138,961 traces (ie, threads of posts) from 6 underground forums were collected. Recent years have witnessed the trend of studying opioid use disorders using anonymous marketplaces and forums data [5,8,10] and public social media data (eg, Twitter and Instagram) [11-14]. Gilbert et al [15] described changes in the conceptualizations, techniques, and structures of opioid supply chains and illustrated the diversity of transactions beyond the traditionally linear conceptualizations of cartel-based distribution models. Quintana et al [16] and Fernando et al [17] presented the results of the international drug testing service for opioid commodities from the anonymous marketplaces and showed that most opioid substances contained the advertised ingredient and most samples were of high purity. Dasgupta et al [18] collected opioid listings on Silk Road to analyze the prices of diverted prescription opioids. Duxbury et al [6] evaluated the role of trust in online drug markets by applying exponential random graph modelling to underground marketplace transactions.
DrugHub Market Official Review
On your first visit, save the market’s PGP key so you can verify the legitimacy of any mirror provided. You’ll be given a unique mirror and asked to wait 20 seconds while it’s made live. Participants register to join the community of practice by using a registration form located on the HUB website. Once enrolled, participants can accelerate their planning and troubleshooting process by accessing discussion forums, online training sessions, and one-to-one training from leaders in the field.
To this end, we first collected the marketplace’s lifespan using the Gwern archive [37], as shown in Table 1, and then compared the supplier lists in each marketplace to investigate supplier migration. In addition, we observed that 10 and 9 suppliers in Apollon and Empire, respectively, migrated from Agora 3 years after it shut down. Some of those suppliers’ IDs (ie, A1CRACK and DiazNL) are neither common words nor have special meaning. Those suppliers kept using the same IDs for years to gain reputation and familiarity from buyers.
It also recently announced plans to build a second multibillion-dollar facility in Wilson. Speculation abounds that DrugHub’s servers may have already been compromised by law enforcement. If true, this would not only spell disaster for the platform’s users but also serve as a stark reminder of the stakes involved in operating within this clandestine realm. In this way, we collected 7100 promotion posts and 6408 review posts from forum posts in total. Finally, in the model refining stage, the model is trained for other 2 iterations using the same objective function.
We found evidence through extensive analyses of the anonymous online market of pervasive supply, which fuels the international opioid epidemic. Nontraditional methods, as presented here by studying the online supply chain, present a novel approach for governmental and other large-scale solutions. When interpreted by professionals, our initial results demonstrate useful findings and may be used downstream by law enforcement and public policy makers for impactful structural interventions to the opioid crisis. Although a large body of current research is focused on pathways for treatment of opioid use disorder and analyzing deaths per treatment capacity of substance use providers, these research areas are limited to the demand side of the opioid epidemic [40,41]. We believe that the findings and pattern analyses presented here, which place concentration on the supply side, might suggest a new direction to focus and will serve as a useful complement to current research conducted within the domain of addiction medicine.
On the way home, they made some side stops to pick up drugs and got high and drunk together. These shadow operators have been romanticized in Hollywood films that present them in the archetype of the rugged frontiersman and cowboy who does what is necessary to defeat the nation’s evil, and invariably, dark-skinned foes. The first challenge is solving a captcha (sliding a circle into position, similar to Incognito Market’s captcha).
New vendors without an existing darknet marketplace history can join Drughub Market by paying a $1000 securitydeposit. This deposit reinforces trust on the Drughub darknet, ensures a commitment to high-qualityservice, and acts as insurance against potential disputes. Access Drughub market onion links or official Drughub mirrors to get started today. Always verify the complete onion URL character by character before entering any credentials.
Emerging markets are showing promising potential due to improving healthcare infrastructure and heightened awareness. This analysis provides a comprehensive overview of the current market landscape, key regional trends, and the technological innovations shaping the future of pancreatic and bile duct cancer treatments across diverse geographic regions. This joint report prepared by the EMCDDA and Europol considers the latest findings from international research, fresh empirical data, and operational information and intelligence in order to illuminate how darknet markets function and how they relate to criminal behaviour. It is comprehensive but accessible and policy-oriented, intended to facilitate discussions at EU-level on how to respond to darknet drug markets, whilst identifying key priority areas that require attention and where activities are likely to have most impact. As observed in our data set, the opioid suppliers in the marketplaces Evolution, Pandora, and Silk Road accepted escrow as a method of payment. In fact, the shutdown of the marketplace Evolution was discovered to be an exit scam, with the site’s operators shutting down abruptly to steal the approximately US $12 million in bitcoins that it was holding as an escrow [39].
Note that the escrow mechanism is widely deployed in the anonymous online market because it helps to build trust and resolve disputes between sellers and buyers. When the purchase is made, the opioid trader ships the purchased item to the buyer (step 10). Once the item is received, the buyer finalizes the purchase by notifying the anonymous online marketplace to release the funds held in escrow (step 11) [8,9]. After that, an opioid buyer often leaves review comments under the product listing or discusses the purchasing experience in the forum (step 12). The Vietnamese market for pancreatic and bile duct cancer drugs is projected to grow steadily over the next five years, driven by increasing healthcare investments and rising awareness about early diagnosis.
Our platform is designed with modularsecurity, DDoS resistance, and user privacy at its core. The agency, based in The Hague, built intelligence based on evidence from Germany, which it said seized the marketplace’s “criminal infrastructure” in December 2021. Harm reduction advocates have condemned the move to shutter supervised consumption sites, saying it will put lives at risk and only move drug use into public spaces. More than 2,600 Ontarians died in 2023 due to overdoses, the vast majority due to opioid toxicity. Supervised consumption sites impacted by the bill were given an option to apply to become HART hubs, and the nine facilities approved by the province will transition to the new model of care by March 31, the date they were slated to shut down. That dollar amount continues to tick up, with drugmakers announcing new projects at a steady clip.